The 7 S’s of Innocent murmur mnemonics
An innocent murmur is commonly found in children and usually disappears as the child grows older. Here, the heart with its valves is absolutely normal.… Read More »The 7 S’s of Innocent murmur mnemonics
An innocent murmur is commonly found in children and usually disappears as the child grows older. Here, the heart with its valves is absolutely normal.… Read More »The 7 S’s of Innocent murmur mnemonics
A heart murmur is produced by turbulent flow across an abnormal valve, septal defect or outflow obstruction, or by increased volume or velocity of flow… Read More »How to describe Heart Murmur
Aortic aneurysm means greater than 50% dilation of all three layers of the aortic wall. Aortic aneurysms are most commonly associated with atherosclerosis. Most are… Read More »Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulation within the pericardial space compresses the heart and impedes diastolic filling. When fluid accumulates rapidly, tamponade may occur at… Read More »Cardiac Tamponade
Aortic dissection is caused by a transverse tear in the intima of a vessel. The dissection usually propagates distally, but sometime it may also propagate… Read More »Aortic Dissection
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is defined as the presence of excessive or redundant mitral leaflet tissue due to myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve leaflets and/or… Read More »Mitral Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) results from a failure of the tricuspid valve to close completely during systole, causing regurgitation of blood into the RA. It is… Read More »Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation (formerly called mitral insufficiency) results in a volume load on the heart (increases preload) and reduces afterload. The result is an enlarged LV… Read More »Mitral Regurgitation: Murmur, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
Aortic regurgitation, also called aortic insufficiency may be caused by aortic root pathology or intrinsic valve disease and can manifest acutely or chronically. In this… Read More »Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic stenosis may be congenital, such as in persons with a bicuspid aortic valve, or acquired. The most common cause is degeneration of the valve… Read More »Aortic Stenosis