Mitral Stenosis
The leading cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic heart disease which has a higher predilection for women than men. The other cause is calcific degenerative… Read More »Mitral Stenosis
Cardiovascular
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized hypertrophy of the ventricles. The pattern of hypertrophy is variable but tends to preferentially affect the interventricular septum. In patients… Read More »Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Classification of Cardiomyopathies
Cardiomyopathy is often divided into the following three categories based on the morphological features of the diseased myocardium : Dilated cardiomyopathy (85%): with dilated ventricles… Read More »Classification of Cardiomyopathies
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy vs Cholesterol emboli
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a form of kidney damage in which there has been recent exposure to medical imaging contrast material without another clear cause for acute kidney injury. Among… Read More »Contrast-Induced Nephropathy vs Cholesterol emboli
Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome
Atheroembolism, also known as cholesterol crystal embolism or cholesterol embolism, refers to arterio-arterial embolism of cholesterol crystals or small pieces of atheromatous material originating from… Read More »Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Decreased elasticity of myocardium leading to the impaired diastolic filling without significant systolic dysfunction (a normal or near-normal EF). Left ventricular volume is normal and… Read More »Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Digoxin Toxicity
Clinical Manifestations of Digoxin Toxicity: Generally unwell Lethargy, Nausea/Vomiting, confusion, yellow-green vision Arrhythmias (e.g. AV block, bradycardia, VF, VT) Acute toxicity has predominant GI symptoms… Read More »Digoxin Toxicity
Step 2 CK Cardiovascular
Cardiomyopathy Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Congestive Heart Failure Systolic Dysfunction with reduced Ejection failure Disystolic dysfunction/Heart failure with preserved ejection failure Arrhythmias Bradyarrhythmias… Read More »Step 2 CK Cardiovascular
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